Isnād
A library of Islamic law

An answer with an isnād

This is not a neural network recalling things about Islam. Every answer is derived from a text you can see: the rule that applied, the article it comes from, and its wording. The same question always gives the same answer, and you can check every step yourself.

A fortieth of 1,000,001 ₸ is 25,000.025 — the remainder is exactly half a hundredth, and article 6 rounds it up to 25,000.03.

yesZakāt due

Денежные средства и торговые товары облагаются по их стоимости. Нисаб денежного имущества равен стоимости восьмидесяти пяти граммов золота; денежное выражение нисаба устанавливается как факт по состоянию на день истечения хауля.

text fingerprint 0c0ddd4f972e

28 works covered3,279 rules written down12 worked examples97 steps, each naming its source

Worked examples

How the answer is reached

Pick a case and follow the whole reasoning: which circumstances were taken, which rule applied, and the article it follows from. The classical inheritance problems are checked against answers this science has held for centuries.

Article texts and rule wordings appear in the language of their own fixed edition: no translation of the content exists, and putting a machine one here would be dishonest.

ʿAwl: the shares overflow the estate

A husband and two full sisters. The Qurʾānic shares come to 1/2 + 2/3 = 7/6 — more than the whole. Who takes what?

Circumstances

  • the body of heirs has been established
  • husbandsurvived the deceased and is not barred from inheriting
  • husbandsurviving spouse, male
  • sistersurvived the deceased and is not barred from inheriting
  • sisterfull sister of the deceased
  • second sistersurvived the deceased and is not barred from inheriting
  • and 1 further circumstances

What the law answers

Sum of shares7/6
Share: husband3/7
Share: sister2/7
Share: second sister2/7

Where this follows from

and 3 further steps to this answer

Al-Minbariyya: the eighth becomes a ninth

A wife, two daughters, a father and a mother. The case is known by the answer given from the minbar: the wife's 1/8 becomes 1/9 after ʿawl.

Circumstances

  • the body of heirs has been established
  • wifesurvived the deceased and is not barred from inheriting
  • wifesurviving wife
  • daughtersurvived the deceased and is not barred from inheriting
  • daughterdaughter of the deceased
  • second daughtersurvived the deceased and is not barred from inheriting
  • and 6 further circumstances

What the law answers

Sum of shares9/8
Share: wife1/9
Share: daughter8/27
Share: second daughter8/27
Share: father4/27
Share: mother4/27

Where this follows from

and 8 further steps to this answer

The camel scale: at twenty-five the kind changes

Up to twenty-four head the due is in sheep; from twenty-five it is a bint makhāḍ she-camel. The steps of the scale come from the source itself and sit apart from the rules, as a table does in a book.

Circumstances

  • owner · herd · 25the person's herd of camels, by head count (art. 8)
  • herdthe herd grazes on open pasture for most of the year (art. 7)
  • 25Ст. 8. Шкала верблюдов от пяти до ста двадцати голов; хвост свыше 120 — ст. 9, вне таблицы
  • herdthe herd is used for work — ploughing, carrying or riding (art. 7)

What the law answers

Due from the herdyes

Where this follows from

and 1 further steps to this answer

Rounding: half a hundredth rounds up

A fortieth of 1,000,001 ₸ is 25,000.025 — the remainder is exactly half a hundredth, and article 6 rounds it up to 25,000.03.

Circumstances

  • owner · 1000001the value of the person's money and trade goods (art. 6)
  • 850000the monetary niṣāb — the value of 85 grams of gold on the day the ḥawl expires (art. 6)

What the law answers

Zakāt dueyes

Where this follows from

Kaffāra: the steps run in order

A deliberate breaking of the fast in Ramaḍān. One moves to the second step only when the first is impossible. No such impossibility is claimed here — so the second step is barred by a decision, not by an omission.

Circumstances

  • the fasterthe person whose obligation the case asks about (art. 3)
  • the fasterthe person is of age and of sound mind (art. 3)
  • the fasterthe person professes Islam (art. 3)
  • the fasterthe person met the month while able to fast (art. 3)
  • the fast day · the fasterthe fast day belongs to this person (art. 3)
  • the fast day · Ramadanthe day falls in this lunar month (art. 4: the calendar is not computed)
  • and 4 further circumstances

What the law answers

Kaffāra is dueyes
Step 1 — freeing a slaveyes
Step 2 — barredyes

Where this follows from

and 12 further steps to this answer

The third step opens on inability

The same facts plus two asserted inabilities — and the ladder reaches its third step.

Circumstances

  • the fasterthe person whose obligation the case asks about (art. 3)
  • the fasterthe person is of age and of sound mind (art. 3)
  • the fasterthe person professes Islam (art. 3)
  • the fasterthe person met the month while able to fast (art. 3)
  • the fast day · the fasterthe fast day belongs to this person (art. 3)
  • the fast day · Ramadanthe day falls in this lunar month (art. 4: the calendar is not computed)
  • and 6 further circumstances

What the law answers

Step 3 — feeding sixty pooryes

Where this follows from

and 11 further steps to this answer

The list prohibits what it names

Carrion is named in the list of prohibitions, and the general permission no longer covers it.

Circumstances

  • the foodfood
  • the eaterof mankind
  • the eaterof those who believe
  • the eater · ADDRESSEES_OF_THE_REVELATIONthe eater belongs to the community
  • the foodcarrion
  • the foodthat which you have slaughtered
  • and 8 further circumstances

What the law answers

Permittedno answer
Prohibitedyes

Where this follows from

and 7 further steps to this answer

Prohibition and proviso

When a proviso restores permission

Dietary permission across twenty-two verses. The answer is not taken from a ready table but built up in order: a general permission holds first, the list of prohibitions overrides it, and the list itself is overridden by the proviso “save that which you slaughter”. Below: the same two questions over three sets of circumstances.

What is not named is permitted

Horse meat is named in none of the four verses of the list. The answer follows from the list being exhaustive — not from horse having been forgotten.

Permittedyes

Prohibitedno answer

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The list prohibits what it names

Carrion is named in the list of prohibitions, and the general permission no longer covers it.

Permittedno answer

Prohibitedyes

text fingerprint e19e347f8eb3

The proviso on slaughter restores permission

The animal was gored, but slaughter was performed. The proviso “save that which you slaughter” overrides the entry of the list — the third step of the same order.

Permittedyes

Prohibitedno answer

text fingerprint fda6051c8eed

Ikhtilāf

One case, three answers

Al-Akdariyya is the problem the schools part ways on: a husband, a mother, a grandfather and a full sister. The dispute is not about the arithmetic but about whether the grandfather excludes the sister. Here a school’s view is chosen explicitly; until it is, the system stays silent rather than quietly taking a side.

Al-Akdariyya: the base is silent

The same facts with no reading selected. The law does not answer — and that is the correct answer, not a gap.

Sister excludedno answer

Al-Akdariyya holdsno answer

Sum of shares5/6

Share: husband1/2

Share: mother1/3

Share: grandfatherno answer

Share: sisterno answer

text fingerprint 797add509d35

Al-Akdariyya: the Ḥanafī reading

The grandfather excludes the sister. The shares settle on a base of 6 with no ʿawl.

Sister excludedyes

Al-Akdariyya holdsno answer

Sum of shares5/6

Share: husband1/2

Share: mother1/3

Share: grandfatherno answer

Share: sisterno answer

text fingerprint 78b99dc4778b

Al-Akdariyya: the reading of Zayd

The sister takes a farḍ of 1/2, ʿawl runs 6 → 9, and the grandfather's and sister's shares are pooled and split 2:1 — a base of 27.

Sister excludedno answer

Al-Akdariyya holdsyes

Sum of shares3/2

Share: husband1/2

Share: mother1/3

Share: grandfather1/6

Share: sister1/2

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Boundaries

What this is not

It is not a fatwā
The system derives consequences from a fixed text. It issues no religious ruling and replaces no scholar.
A text is named, not a school
Behind each section stands a particular work, with its edition given. Where it is an author’s exposition of doctrine and where it is a fixed copy of the source is stated outright, not implied.
Disagreement is not smoothed over
Where the schools differ, an answer is given only under an explicitly chosen view. Without that choice there is no answer — and that is an answer, not a gap.
Silence is not denial
“There is no answer on this” and “it is established that it does not hold” are different things, and this page keeps them apart.
Covered

The whole library

Everything covered in this part of the law so far. Highlighted names are the ones whose cases appear above; the rest can be asked about. The number beside each name is how many rules are written down.

Ê¿Ibādāt — acts of worship

Салят174Саум131Хадж178Закят58Малое омовение18Азан и икама13Хумс17

Family and succession

Никах и талак86Хадана после развода17Васыйя9Зихар26Фараид60

Property and obligations

Купля-продажа25Риба в обмене34Долг48Вакф27

Method and adjudication

Усул28Таклид46Мазхабы двух линий37Судопроизводство14

Qurʾānic packages

Пища89Сура ан-Нур целиком152Аль-Бакара (2:1–286)611Сура ан-Ниса (4:1–176)566Али Имран (3:1–200)498Джузз ‘Амма (78–114)317Сура аль-Фатиха0quran.text0

Ask for yourself

Put your own question

If you work with an AI assistant — Claude or another — you can connect this library to it with one command. Your questions will then be answered from here, with the same article and wording given, rather than from the model’s memory.

claude mcp add --transport http law-dsl https://mcp.arxo.io/mcp

What people ask

  • How much zakāt is due on forty sheep?
  • How is an estate divided between a wife, two daughters, a father and a mother?
  • How does the Ḥanafī answer on al-Akdariyya differ from that of Zayd?

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